Review of Natural Galactagogues: Part 4 - Blessed Thistle
When it comes to boosting milk supply, many breastfeeding moms turn to natural remedies, and one herb that frequently comes up in discussions is Blessed Thistle. This herb, known for its use in traditional medicine, is often recommended as a galactagogue, especially in combination with other lactation-supporting herbs like Fenugreek. But does it really work? In this post, we'll explore the history, science, and practical considerations of using Blessed Thistle as a natural galactagogue.
What is Blessed Thistle?
Blessed Thistle (Cnicus benedictus) is a spiky, thistle-like plant that has been used for centuries in herbal medicine. Originally native to the Mediterranean region, it was historically valued for its ability to stimulate appetite and aid digestion. Over time, it also gained a reputation as a remedy for increasing milk supply in breastfeeding women, and it remains a popular choice among lactating mothers today.
Traditional Use of Blessed Thistle
Blessed Thistle’s use as a galactagogue dates back to the Middle Ages when it was believed to have mystical properties, hence the name “Blessed” Thistle. Traditionally, it was consumed as a tea to support lactation, especially in Europe. It was also used to treat a variety of ailments, including indigestion, colds, and fever. The herb was often combined with other lactogenic herbs to enhance its effectiveness in supporting milk production.
Scientific Evidence on Blessed Thistle
While Blessed Thistle is widely recommended as a galactagogue, the scientific evidence supporting its use is limited. Most of the available research focuses on its use in combination with other herbs like Fenugreek. A small number of studies have suggested that when used together, these herbs can help increase milk supply. However, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of Blessed Thistle on its own.
One study published in the journal Phytomedicine found that a combination of Fenugreek, Blessed Thistle, and other herbs significantly increased milk production in nursing mothers but there is no way to know which of the herbs was (mostly) responsible for the increase.
Another study noted that women who consumed a blend of these herbs reported a noticeable improvement in their milk supply within a week . However, it’s important to note that these studies were limited in scope, and more robust research is needed.
Additionally, a review published in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine highlighted the potential of herbal galactagogues, including Blessed Thistle, in enhancing milk production but emphasized the need for more rigorous clinical trials to validate these findings .
Possible Mechanisms for Milk-Boosting Effects of Blessed Thistle
While the exact mechanisms by which Blessed Thistle may enhance milk production are not fully understood, several phytonutrients present in the herb are thought to contribute to its galactogenic properties. Here's a closer look at these compounds and their potential roles:
Appetite Stimulation
Blessed Thistle has traditionally been used as a digestive aid and appetite stimulant. This property may indirectly support increased milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
Enhanced Nutritional Intake: By stimulating appetite, Blessed Thistle can encourage nursing mothers to consume more calories and essential nutrients necessary for adequate milk production. Sufficient caloric and nutrient intake is crucial during lactation, as the body requires additional energy to produce and maintain a healthy milk supply.
Improved Digestion: The herb aids in improving digestion and nutrient absorption, ensuring that the nutrients from the diet are effectively utilized by the body. Efficient digestion can help maintain the mother's energy levels and overall health, which are important factors in sustaining and potentially increasing milk production.
Phytoestrogens
Blessed Thistle contains compounds that exhibit phytoestrogenic activity. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds that can mimic the effects of estrogen in the body. Estrogen plays a crucial role in lactation by promoting the development of mammary glands and stimulating the secretion of prolactin, a hormone essential for milk production.
Cnicin: This is one of the primary active compounds in Blessed Thistle. Cnicin has been shown to possess phytoestrogenic properties, which may help in regulating hormones involved in lactation. By binding to estrogen receptors, cnicin can potentially enhance prolactin secretion, thereby supporting milk synthesis.
Saponins
Saponins are another group of phytonutrients found in Blessed Thistle that may contribute to its milk-boosting effects.
Saponin Glycosides: These compounds are known for their ability to stimulate the pituitary gland, which in turn can increase the secretion of prolactin. Enhanced prolactin levels are directly associated with increased milk production. Additionally, saponins have been noted to have adaptogenic properties, helping the body manage stress, which can indirectly support lactation by promoting overall well-being.
Flavonoids and Terpenoids
Blessed Thistle is rich in flavonoids and terpenoids, classes of compounds with various biological activities that may support lactation.
Flavonoids: These antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, which can be beneficial for overall health and may support the body's natural lactation processes. Some flavonoids also exhibit mild estrogenic activity, contributing to hormonal balance.
Terpenoids: These compounds have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. By reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, terpenoids may create a more favorable internal environment for milk production.
Silybin
Silybin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in Blessed Thistle. It is best known for its liver-protecting properties, which can support overall metabolic health and hormonal balance, potentially aiding in more efficient milk production. While not traditionally recognized as a primary galactagogue, silybin’s role in reducing oxidative stress and supporting liver function may indirectly benefit lactation by maintaining a healthy internal environment.
Breast Tissue Health: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of silybin could help maintain the health of mammary tissue. This is particularly important because inflammation in the breast, such as in conditions like mastitis, can interfere with milk production and breastfeeding comfort.
Practical Considerations
If you’re considering adding Blessed Thistle to your lactation routine, here are some practical things to keep in mind:
Forms Available: Blessed Thistle is commonly available as capsules, teas, and tinctures. The most popular method of consumption is in capsule form, often combined with Fenugreek. However, since I do not currently recommend Fenugreek for breastfeeding moms (find out why here), it is crucial to find a formula that contains Blessed Thistle by itself.
Dosage: The typical dosage for Blessed Thistle is 1-2 capsules (390-500 mg each) taken 2-3 times per day. When consumed as a tea, 1-3 cups daily are recommended. However, it’s always best to follow the specific dosing instructions on the product label and to consult with a healthcare provider.
Side Effects: Blessed Thistle is generally well-tolerated, but some women may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or gas. It’s also worth noting that, like other herbal supplements, it should be used cautiously, especially if you’re pregnant, have a history of allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family, or have gastrointestinal conditions.
Contraindications: While Blessed Thistle is considered safe for most breastfeeding women, it’s not recommended for pregnant women due to its potential to stimulate uterine contractions. Additionally, women with a history of allergies to ragweed or other plants in the same family should avoid this herb.
Conclusion
Blessed Thistle's potential to enhance milk production is likely multifaceted, involving its appetite stimulating effect, its phytonutrient composition and their interactions with hormonal pathways. Phytoestrogens and saponins play significant roles in stimulating prolactin secretion, while flavonoids and terpenoids support overall health and reduce stress, creating an optimal environment for lactation.
While these mechanisms provide a plausible explanation for Blessed Thistle's galactogenic effects, it's important to note that more scientific research is needed to fully elucidate how these compounds work in the context of breastfeeding. As always, breastfeeding mothers should consult with their healthcare providers before adding any new supplement to their regimen to ensure it aligns with their individual health needs and circumstances. Pregnant women should not consume Blessed Thistle due to its potential to stimulate uterine contractions.
If you've tried Blessed Thistle, I'd love to hear about your experience! Did you notice a difference in your milk supply? Did it make you hungry? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
References:
Swafford, S. A., & Berens, P. D. (2000). Effect of Fenugreek on milk production in lactating women: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine, 7(6), 429-434.
Turkyılmaz, C., et al. (2011). The effect of galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and short-term catch-up of birth weight in the first week of life. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(2), 139-142.
Gabay, M. P. (2002). Galactogogues: Medications that induce lactation. Journal of Human Lactation, 18(3), 274-279.
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